刘兢

• 1:广东外语外贸大学新闻与传播学院

摘要(Abstract)：

美国TikTok法案支持者选择在“中美博弈”外交议程里放大中国对美国“数据安全”“舆论操纵”甚至“未成年人保护”的威胁，法案反对者则或回归“数字社会治理”内政议程，质疑法案解决“社交媒体平台规制”问题的适用性，或在“中美博弈”外交议程里担心法案让“开放互联网精神”口号落空，或在“公民权利”法律议程里抨击法案对“公民言论自由”的侵犯须经“合宪性审查”。若TikTok被迫中止在美业务，这将是反驳美国“开放自由互联网”主张的鲜活案例。

关键词(KeyWords)： TikTok法案争议;话语分析;美国对华科技政策

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学基金一般项目“西方数字中国形象争议及应对研究”(项目批准号:23BXW054)的阶段性成果

作者(Author): 刘兢

参考文献(References)：

• 蔡龙宇、张焱宇(2023):美国国会涉华议题泛安全化态势——以TikTok案为例，《现代国际关系》,第12期，91-109页。
• 陈欧阳、张振宇(2023):“崛起就要挨打?”:危机传播与组织合法性重构——基于美国制裁华为事件的案例研究》,《新闻与传播研究》,第30卷第5期，93-112页。
• 李恒阳(2021):拜登政府对华科技竞争战略探析，《美国研究》,第35卷第5期，81-101页。
• 李金铨(2002):建制内的多元主义：美国精英媒体对华政策论述，《二十一世纪》,第2期，71-82页。
• 李坤泽、张依桐(2024):美国的TikTok政策：威胁认知、打压实践与效果制约，《国际关系研究》,第4期，22-40页。
• 刘琼(2015):媒介话语分析再审视：以甘姆森建构主义为路径，《新闻与写作》,第5期，92-97页。
• 龙春生、袁征(2023):大国竞争时代美国对华科技战略探析，《美国研究》,第37卷第4期，47-72页。
• 潘亚玲、肖迅韬(2024):美国技术民族主义的结构转型与美对华技术遏制，《外交评论》,第41卷第6期，24-47页。
• 潘忠党(2006):架构分析：一个亟需理论澄清的领域，《传播与社会学刊》,第1期，17-46页。
• 戚凯、朱思思(2021):国家安全视域下的大国技术竞争——以美国对华为政策为例，《外交评论》,第6期，100-131页。
• 沈伟、靳思远(2022):网络空间博弈时代跨国科技企业面临的公私矛盾及应对——以抖音(TikTok)为例，《国外社会科学》,第5期，72-90页。
• 汤景泰、史金铭(2022):核心话语与话语框架：论美国涉华舆论的话语建构，《政治学研究》,第2期，66-77页。
• 闻宇、朱春阳(2024):跨国企业如何通过沟通消解外来者劣势?——对美国封禁TikTok事件的历时分析(2019—2024),《未来传播》,第31卷第4期，63-73页。
• 杨乐、崔保国(2024):三重属性下的社交媒体：美国封禁TikTok缘由及全球影响，《传媒观察》,第6期，73-83页。
• 张克旭(2019):中西方主流媒体的国际议题话语权竞争——基于“华为危机事件”的实证分析，《新闻大学》,第12期，50-66页。
• 周文星(2023):美国智库对华政策的认知、根源及其应对——基于智库专家涉华研究的比较分析，《情报杂志》,第42卷第2期，57-64页。
• 朱颖、杨建林(2023):基于内容和话语视角探究美国智库构建的中美国家形象——以布鲁金斯学会的报告为例，《情报杂志》,第42卷第10期，81-88页。
• Angwin,J.(March 15,2024).Forcing a sale of TikTok Misses the real issue.New York Times.Sec.A,p19.
• Baker-White,E.(December 22,2022).TikTok spied on Forbes journalists.Forbes.Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/emilybaker-white/2022/12/22/tiktok-tracks-forbes-journalists-bytedance/
• Chayka,K.(March 24,2023).The TikTok hearings inspired little faith in social media or in congress.New Yorker.Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/culture/infinite-scroll/the-tiktok-hearings-inspired-little-faith-in-social-media-or-in-congress
• Chayka,K.(May 8,2024).A TikTok ban won't fix social media.New Yorker.Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/culture/infinite-scroll/a-tiktok-ban-wont-fix-social-media
• ChinaFile Contributors.(March 19,2024).Is TikTok's time finally up?Foreign Policy.Retrieved from http://foreignpolicy.com/2024/03/19/tiktok-ban-united-states-china-house-data-cybersecurity/
• Coaston,J.(April 1,2024).What the TikTok Bill is really about.New York Times.Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/01/opinion/mike-gallagher-tiktok-sale-ban.html
• Fitz-Gibbon,J.(March 23,2023).Parents of LI suicide teen break down at TikTok hearing on Capitol Hill.New York Post.Retrieved from http://nypost.com/2023/03/23/parents-of-li-suicide-teen-break-down-during-tiktok-hearins-on-capitol-hill/
• Frisch,N.& Wang,D.(May 15,2024).The end of TikTok Is a propaganda win for Beijing.New York Times.Sec.A.p23.
• Gallagher,D.( April 22,2024).TikTok Ban:Great for Meta and Google,OK for Snap and Bad for Oracle.The Wall Street Journal.Retrieved from http://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/stock-market-today-earnings-04-22-2024/card/tiktok-ban-great-for-meta-and-google-ok-for-snap-and-bad-for-oracle-PNyWT1cVEWpmF73vtudb
• Gallagher,M.(November 2,2023).Why do young americans support hamas?Look at TikTok.The Free Press.Retrieved from http://www.thefp.com/p/tik-tok-young-americans-hamas-mike-gallag
• Gamson,W.A.& Modigliani,A.(1989).Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power:A Constructionist Approach.American Journal of Sociology,95(1),1-37.doi:10.1086/229213.
• Gamson,W.& D.Staurt.(1992).Media discourse as a symbolic contest:.Sociological Forum,7(1),55-86.doi:10.1007/BF01124756.
• Hachigian,N.(2014).Debating China.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
• H.Comm.on Energy & Com.(March 11,2024).H.R.7521—Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act,H.R.Rep.No.118-417.Retrieved from https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7521
• Hendrix,J.(March 25,2023).Transcript:TikTok CEO testifies to Congress.Retrieved from http://www.techpolicy.press/transcript-tiktok-ceo-testifies-to-congress/
• Iyengar,R.(May 3,2024).The tech hawks took down TikTok.Now what?Foreign Policy.Retrieved from https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/05/03/tiktok-ban-china-tech-hill-valley-forum-palantir-sequoia/
• Jaffer,J.(March 27,2023).A TikTok Ban?What About Free Speech?.New York Times.Sec.A.p19.
• Kang,C.(March 22,2024a).The misguided attempt to control TikTok.New Yorker.Retrieved from https://www.newyorker.com/news/fault-lines/the-misguided-attempt-to-control-tiktok
• Kang,C.(June 27,2024b).Grieving Parents Push for Online Guardrails.New York Times.Sec.B.p1.
• Karabell,Z.(March 21,2024).The case against TikTok is thin at best.Foreign Policy.Retrieved from http://foreignpolicy.com/2024/03/21/tiktok-ban-washington-congress-data-security/
• Kim,M.(March 17,2024).Khanna explains opposition to TikTok bill while senators signal openness.New York Times.Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/17/us/politics/khanna-tiktok-bill-senate.html
• Knight Institute.(June 27,2024).Amicus Brief(in support of Petitioners)(TikTok v.Garland).Retrieved from http://knightcolumbia.org/documents/jz5miucn3e
• Lewis,J.(March 13,2024).TikTok and national security.Center for Strategic & International Studies.Retrieved from http://www.csis.org/analysis/tiktok-and-national-security
• Lima-Strong C.& Naomi N.(October 24,2023).41 states sue Meta,claiming Instagram,Facebook are addictive,harm kids.Washington Post.Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/10/24/meta-lawsuit-facebook-instagram-children-mental-health/
• Lorenz,T.(March 28,2023).Congress had a lot to say about TikTok.Much of it was wrong.Washington Post.Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/03/28/tiktok-challenges-congress-misinformation/
• Lorenz,T.(March 16,2024).The TikTok debate featured many disputed claims.Here are 7 of them.Washington Post.Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/03/16/tik-tok-debate-claims/
• Lu,Y.(April 24,2024).On TikTok,resignation and frustration after potential ban of app.New York Times.Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/24/technology/tiktok-ban-bill-frustration.html
• Lungu,A.(May 6,2024).Washington keeps choosing the wrong moment to challenge china.Foreign Policy.Retrieved from http://foreignpolicy.com/2024/05/06/washington-trump-tiktok-ban-elections/
• Maheshwari,S.& Mac,R.(May 25,2023).How TikTok shares user data,alarming even its employees.New York Times.Sec.B.p1.
• Maheshwari,S.& McCabe,D.(March 8,2024).TikTok urges users to call D.C.on ban.New York Times.Sec.B.p1.
• Maheshwari,S.,McCabe,D.& Kang,C.(April 25,2024).Behind success of secret push on TikTok Bill.New York Times.Sec.A.p19.
• Mattu,R.(March 25,2024).How China views fight for a ban On TikTok.New York Times.Sec.B.p5.
• McCabe,D.(April 19,2024).TikTok ban could undermine U.S.defense of open Internet.New York Times.Sec.B.p1.
• McCartney,M.(March 15,2024).China lashes out at US ‘free speech’ rights as TikTok row deepens.Newsweek.Retrieved from http://www.newsweek.com/china-lashes-out-us-free-speech-tiktok-row-deepens-1879592
• O'Brien,R.& Herman,A.(May 5,2023).The president can't counter China on his own.Foreign Affairs.Retrieved from http://www.foreignaffairs.com/china/president-biden-counter-china-congress-american-bipartisan
• ODNI.(February 5,2024).Annual threat assessment of the U.S.intelligence community.
• Okamoto,N.(July 31,2024).Let's hope TikTok won't go away.Newsweek.Retrieved from http://www.newsweek.com/lets-hope-tiktok-wont-go-away-opinion-1932215
• Pence,M.(March 12,2024).TikTok is digital fentanyl and Congress,Biden must act before it's too late.Fox News.Retrieved from http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/tiktok-digital-fentanyl-congress-biden-act
• Richards,A.(March 22,2023).Hands off my TikTok.Banning it would hurt the most marginalized.Newsweek.Retrieved from http://www.newsweek.com/hands-off-my-tiktok-banning-it-would-hurt-most-marginalized-opinion-1789597
• Roose,K.(March 15,2024).If it's banned or forced to sell,TikTok can blame its hubris.New York Times.Sec.A.p1.
• Rubio,M.(November 10,2023).Pro-Hamas TikTok videos hint at a broader Chinese influence campaign.Washington Examiner.Retrieved from http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/beltway-confidential/2779399/pro-hamas-tiktok-videos-hint-at-a-broader-chinese-influence-campaign/
• Rubio,M.& Gallagher,M.(November 11,2022).TikTok,time's up.Washington Post.Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/11/10/marco-rubio-ban-tiktok-america-china-mike-gallagher/?next_url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/11/10/marco-rubio-ban-tiktok-america-china-mike-gallagher/
• Schuman,M.(July 30,2020).Why America is afraid of TikTok.The Atlantic.Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2020/07/tiktok-ban-china-america/614725/
• Tufekci,Z.(December 29,2023).Avert your eyes,avoid responsibility and just blame TikTok.New York Times.Sec.A.p20.
• USCA.(2024).Petition for Review of Constitutionality of the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act.USCA Case #24-1113.
• USSC.(1965).Lamont v.Postmaster General.381 U.S.301.
• USSC.(2017).Packingham v.North Carolina.No.15-1194.
• Vanden Heuvel,K.(March 28,2024).Loath as I Am to agree with marjorie taylor green.The Nation.Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/article/politics/tiktok-ban-free-speech-biden-trump/#
• Warzel,C.(April 24,2024).Welcome to the TikTok meltdown.The Atlantic.Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2024/04/tiktok-meltdown-ban-biden-china/678177/
• Watson,M.& Hassan,C.(April 19,2023).A 13-year-old died in Ohio after participating in a Benadryl TikTok ‘challenge’.CNN.Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/18/us/benadryl-tiktok-challenge-teen-death-wellness
• Wu,T.(April 30,2024).Congress's TikTok Bill Sends a Clear Message.New York Times.Sec.A.p19.