媒介物质性:机器的道德经济Media Materialties: For A Moral Economy of Machines
格雷厄姆·默多克,刘宣伯,芮钰雅,曹书乐
摘要(Abstract)：
构成数字通信环境的机器,其基础设施和组件建立在一系列资源的基础上,这些资源通过生产、维护和处置的链条转化为人工制品/人造物(artefact)。然而,这些日常使用的背景条件仍是大部分主流传播研究的盲点。本文探讨了为什么会有这样的研究盲点,并认为数字技术在高级资本主义组织机构中越来越显著的中心性,加上物联网和人工智能的迅速扩张,将媒介的物质性推向分析的中心,并提出了关于其环境及社会成本的重要伦理问题,并呼唤新的机器道德经济学的发展。
关键词(KeyWords)： 物质性;道德经济学;基础设施;机器人学;环境影响;全球生产链;因特网;消费主义
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 格雷厄姆·默多克,刘宣伯,芮钰雅,曹书乐
DOI: 10.16602/j.gmj.20190017
参考文献(References)：
- Boutang,Y.M.(2011).Cognitive capitalism.Cambridge,England:Polity Press.
- Brevini,B.& Murdock,G.(2017).Carbon capitalism and communication:Confronting climate crisis.Basingstoke,England:Palgrave Macmillan.
- Cubitt,S.(2017).Finite media:Environmental implications of digital technologies.Durham,NC:Duke University Press.
- Frey,C.B.& Osborne,M.(2013).The future of employment:How susceptible are jobs to computerisation.Oxford,England:The Martin School.
- Fuchs,C.(2014).Digital labour and Karl Marx.London,England:Routledge.
- Gabrys,J.(2013).Digital rubbish:A natural history of electronics.Ann Arbor,MI:The University of Michigan Press.
- Gaffney,O.& Steffen,W.(2017).The Anthropocene equation.The Anthropocene Review,4(1),53-61.doi:10.1177/2053019616688022
- Hesmondhalgh,D.(2017).Capitalism and the media:Moral economy,well being and capabilities.Media,Culture & Society,39(2),202-218.doi:10.1177/0163443716643153
- Hesmondhalgh,D.& Meier,L.M.(2018).What the digitalisation of music tells us about capitalism,culture and the power of the information technology sector.Information,Communication & Society,21(11),1555-1570.doi:10.1080/1369118X.2017.1340498
- Huws,U.(2014).The underpinnings of class in the digital age:Living,labour and value.The Socialist Register,50,80-109.
- Maxwell,R.& Miller,T.(2012).Greening the media.Oxford,England:Oxford University Press.
- McGuigan,L.& Murdock,G.(2015).The medium is the marketplace:Digital systems and the intensification of consumption.Canadian Journal of Communication,40(4),717-726.doi:10.22230/cjc.2015v40n4a2948.
- Murdock,G.(2011).Political economies as moral economies:Commodities,gifts,and public goods.In Wasko,J.,Murdock,G.& Sousa,H.(Eds.),The Handbook of Political Economy of Communications (pp.13-40).Oxford,England:Blackwell.doi:10.1002/9781444395402.ch1
- Patrizio,A.(March 30,2017).Cloud computing companies.Datamation.Retrieved from http://www.datamation.com/cloud-computing/cloud-computing-companies.html
- Sayer,A.(2016).Why we can't afford the rich.Bristol,England:Policy Press.
- Schwab,K.(2017).The fourth industrial revolution.London,England:Penguin Books Ltd.
- Streeck,W.(2016).How will capitalism end?Essays on a failing system.London,England:Verso.
- The Economist.(2016).Special report-companies:The rise of the superstars.The Economist,September 17,16.
- Wisskirchen,G.,Biacabe,B.T.,Bormann,U.,Muntz,A.,Niehaus,G.,Soler,G.J.& von Brauchitsche,B.(2017).Artificial intelligence and robotics and their impact on the workplace.London,England:International Bar Association Global Employment Institute.
- ① 译者注:此处原文hearts of darkness,典出康拉德的现代主义小说名,作者讲述了一个白人殖民者在非洲的殖民故事,展示了工业化的发展带来经济繁荣的表象之下,人的个体性被颠覆、物化、异化的主题。