受众对气候变暖信息的加工及低碳行为反应Information Processing of Climate Change and Reactive Low-carbon Behaviors of the Audiences
解庆锋
摘要(Abstract):
个人低碳行为是应对气候变暖的重要措施。本研究运用克里克和道奇(Crick&Dodge)的社会信息加工模型,结合气候变暖、低碳社会情境以及人们普遍使用社交媒体的传播情境,赋予变量以具体的情境内涵,使用偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)对多个变量关系进行建模,运用问卷调查数据检验了个人低碳行为形成的社会信息加工模型。研究发现,受众从社交媒体获取气候变暖信息后,可以沿着“编码线索—解释线索—明晰目标—反应建构—反应决定—行为实践”的步骤性过程形成个人低碳行为,同时关于气候变暖、低碳的数据基础会对步骤中的每个变量均产生积极作用。基于研究发现,探讨了激发个人低碳行为的传播策略。在理论贡献上,本研究丰富了解释个人低碳行为形成的理论工具,推进了对受众认知心理的研究,丰富了受众信息处理及其行为反应过程机制的研究文献。
关键词(KeyWords): 气候变暖;个人低碳行为;社会信息加工;受众;传播致效
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 解庆锋
参考文献(References):
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- ① 见《中国公众低碳意识与低碳行为网络调查报告》(2023),该报告未公开出版,付费获取地址为:https://max.book118.com/html/2023/1213/6132025142010021.shtm。 ② 研究构思阶段,以篇名含“Social Information Processing”为检索条件在EBSCO学术资源数据库进行文献检索并排查,没有发现对Crick & Dodge的社会信息加工模型展开实证检验的研究文献;以篇名含“社会信息加工”为检索条件在CSSCI期刊数据库进行文献检索与排查,亦没有发现对Crick & Dodge的社会信息加工模型展开实证检验的文献;此外,作者查阅了一些社会心理学方面的书籍,在关于“社会信息加工”方面的论述上,亦未发现对Crick & Dodge的社会信息加工模型展开实证检验的研究。既有文献均是将Crick & Dodge的社会信息加工模型视为一个理论模型,运用其来解释相关现象。 ③ 2024年3月—6月,研究者在某大学从事“环境新闻”的授课,选择了多条/篇气候变暖、碳排放的新闻在课堂上播放或让学生阅读。研究者随即将学生视为受众,每次均较详细询问2~3位同学对气候变暖新闻的认知及可能的行为反应。此外,研究者选择了1条气候变暖新闻在同时讲授的“新闻评论”课程上播放,并询问2位同学对气候变暖新闻信息的认知及可能的行为反应;同时还在讲授的“财经新闻”课程上播放或让学生阅读两条/篇有关低碳经济的新闻,来了解学生对气候变暖及低碳经济的认识。共计询问的同学/受众在15名以上。另外,研究者在构思研究阶段,亦有意识地同周围邻居讨论气候变暖议题,有3位邻居谈及其接触到的气候变暖新闻及体验到的气候变暖。在正式调查前,研究者向多名被调查对象询问了相关变量内涵设置的合理性,并结合反馈的意见进行了部分修改。本研究对相关变量内涵的界定结合了研究者捕捉到的学生受众对气候变暖新闻、低碳新闻的反应以及邻里的认知、反应。因此,本研究自主界定的变量内涵是较为契合中国受众的。 ④ 本研究中,“个人低碳行为”为形成性变量,更适宜采用偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)进行数据统计分析;另外,PLS-SEM对变量数据的正态性分布要求较为宽松。