钱忆亲,陈昌凤,袁烨,戴佳

• 1:西交利物浦大学影视艺术学院
• 2:清华大学新闻与传播学院

摘要(Abstract)：

互联网时代与社交媒体的到来让网络生态走向分权化,国家政府面对的不仅是大量信息流通的挑战,还有私人公司与公民团体不断提高的网络决断权。后者已经成为一种新的权威。在互联网治理的过程中,政府应该如何与这些新兴的私人和社会行为体进行互动和介入?政府与这些行为体之间已经有了哪种互动关系?在这种互动中,权力又是如何分配的?本文探讨了国际和中国语境下的互联网治理模式,包括多利益攸关方主义、数字宪政主义和分析性网络治理。前两种模式具有功能主义的论点和规范性的支撑,后一种则分析了不同行为体之间的权力关系。本文在最后提出,在研究互联网治理时,应综合规范性和分析性的学术路径。

关键词(KeyWords)： 互联网治理;多利益攸关方;数字宪政主义;分析性网络治理

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 香港研究资助局对此研究提供的研究经费(一般研究基金:网络治理视角下的中国社交媒体,编号:12601715)

作者(Author): 钱忆亲,陈昌凤,袁烨,戴佳

DOI: 10.16602/j.gmj.20170012

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• (1)“信息块”概念的先驱。
• (2)信息社会世界峰会是联合国讨论全球传播治理的重要事件,其宗旨是实现“以人为本、包容性、面向发展的信息社会”。它有两个阶段,分别是2003年的日内瓦会议和2005年的突尼斯会议。2015年,联合国大会全面评审了信息社会世界峰会目标的十年执行状况,通常被称为信息社会世界峰会+10(UN,2015,A/RES/70/125)。
• (3)国家和地区互联网治理论坛的名单,获取自http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/77-igf-regional-events/igf-regional-and-national/3026-list-of-national-and-regionaligf-initiatives-2016
• (4)国家层面的多利益攸关方互联网治理机制/方法。
• (5)对于互联网治理分类,请参阅DeNardis&Raymond(2013),pp.4-5.
• (6)例如Charter of Human Rights and Principles for the Internet(UN);The African Declaration on Internet Rights and Freedoms;Council of Europe’s Declaration of Internet Governance Principles;Brazil’s Marco Civil da Internet;Magna Carta for Philippine Internet Freedom;Reform Government Surveillance coalition(Google,Apple,Microsoft,Facebook and other major institutions on the issue of user privacy)
• (7)Anderson(1998:575)argues that the authentic participation include two things:1)the creation of a relatively safe,structured space for relevant stakeholders’voices to be heard;2)addressing the ultimate ends of participation,such as to constitute a democratic citizenry and redistribute justices.
• (8)Art.87and Art.95of the General Rules of Civil Law(GRCL)(中华人民共和国民法总则)(promulgated in 15th March 2017by the NPC)define the nonprofit organization are set up for public welfare purposes or other nonprofit purposes,and they do not and may not distribute their profits to investors,founders,or members.Non-profit organisations include public institutions,social groups,foundations,social service agencies.
• (9)It means that those private nonprofit organisations possess some institutional reality,they are institutionally separate from government,not returning profit generated to owners and directors,and equipped to control their own activities.And they involve some meaningful degree of voluntary participation.(Salamon&Anheier,1997,p.9).
• (10)参考Freeman,L.(1979).
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