社交媒体自我呈现对女性身体意象的双重影响路径研究Double Pathways Mediating the Association between Social Media Self-presentation and Female Body Image
潘文静,崔蓝歌,胡敬凡
摘要(Abstract):
社交媒体上理想的身体意象对年轻女性具有负面影响。本研究使用问卷调查研究方法,将物化区分为自我物化压力与他人凝视压力,研究自我压力、他人凝视压力和体重不满在自我呈现程度和受他人关注程度对年轻女性减肥意愿的影响中的共同中介作用。从理论上,本研究探究自我呈现影响青年女性减肥意愿的机制,推进了社交媒体使用与物化理论的建构。在实践中,研究结果可以帮助女性克服身材焦虑,为社交媒体上身体相关的内容监管提供决策依据。
关键词(KeyWords): 身体意象;自我呈现;自我压力;他人凝视压力;减肥意愿
基金项目(Foundation): 中国人民大学“双一流”建设马克思主义新闻观创新研究项目(编号:MXG202410)的阶段性研究成果
作者(Author): 潘文静,崔蓝歌,胡敬凡
参考文献(References):
- 蔡骐、文芊芊(2020):风格表意与认同建构:青少年网络自拍亚文化,《现代传播》,第42卷第12期,142-146页。
- 常芝歌(2019):网络人际传播中的自我呈现探究——以微信为例,《新媒体研究》,第5卷第4期,9-10页。
- 董晨宇、丁依然(2018):当戈夫曼遇到互联网——社交媒体中的自我呈现与表演,《新闻与写作》,第1期,56-62页。
- 杜凯雯(2018):探析美颜相机对社交媒体自我呈现的影响,《新闻研究导刊》,第9卷第21期,91页。
- 黄明明、赵守盈、陈丽萍、彭香萍、金童林(2020):在线客体化经历对女大学生身体羞耻感的影响:理想美内化与自我客体化的序列中介作用,《中国临床心理学杂志》,第28卷第3期,596-599页。
- 克里斯·希林(2021):《身体与社会理论》(第三版)(李康译),上海:上海文艺出版社。(原书 Shilling,C.[2021].The body and social theory.London:Sage.)
- 李曦珍、徐明明(2009):女性在电视广告中的镜像迷恋与符号异化,《新闻与传播研究》,第16卷第2期,77-84,109页。
- 欧文·戈夫曼(2008):《日常生活中的自我呈现》(冯钢译),北京:北京大学出版社。(原书Goffman,E.[1959].The presentation of self in everyday life.New York:Anchor.)
- 彭兰(2018):自拍:一种纠结的“自我技术”,《新闻大学》,第5期,45-55,76,148页。
- 彭丽(2019):狂欢与想象:抖音短视频的身体消费,《视听》,第12期,167-168页。
- 汤娜、魏宝涛(2014):传播学视角下微信朋友圈“点赞”行为研究,《新闻传播》,第4期,214页。
- 曾丽红、叶丹盈(2022):美妆视频对女性身体意象态度的影响,《现代传播》,第44卷第3期,133-140页。
- Ahadzadeh,A.S.,Sharif,S.P.& Ong,F.S.(2017).Self-schema and self-discrepancy mediate the influence of Instagram usage on body image satisfaction among youth.Computers in Human Behavior,68,8-16.doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.011.
- Aubrey,J.S.(2006).Effects of sexually objectifying media on self-objectification and body surveillance in undergraduates:Results of a 2-year panel study.Journal of Communication,56(2),366-386.doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00024.x.
- Bessenoff,G.R.& Snow,D.(2006).Absorbing society's influence:Body image self-discrepancy and internalized shame.Sex Roles,54(9),727-731.doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9038-7.
- Burke,M.& Kraut,R.E.(2016).The relationship between Facebook use and well-being depends on communication type and tie strength.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,21(4),265-281.doi:10.1111/jcc4.12162.
- Calogero,R.,Tantleff-Dunn,S.& Thompson,J.K.(2011).Objectification theory:An introduction.In Calogero,R.,Tantleff-Dunn,S.& Thompson,J.K.(Eds.),Self-Objectification in Women (pp.3-21).Washington,D.C.:American Psychological Association.doi:10.1037/12304-001.
- Chen,H.,Jackson,T.& Huang,X.T.(2006).The negative physical self scale:Initial development and validation in samples of Chinese adolescents and young adults.Body Image,3(4),401-412.doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2006.07.005.
- Chou,W.Y.S.,Hunt,Y.M.,Beckjord,E.B.,Moser,R.P.& Hesse,B.W.(2009).Social media use in the United States:Implications for health communication.Journal of Medical Internet Research,11(4),e48.doi:10.2196/jmir.1249.
- Clark,J.L.,Algoe,S.B.& Green,M.C.(2018).Social network sites and well-being:The role of social connection.Current Directions in Psychological Science,27(1),32-37.doi:10.1177/0963721417730833.
- Cohen,R.,Fardouly,J.,Newton-John,T.& Slater,A.(2019).#BoPo on Instagram:An experimental investigation of the effects of viewing body positive content on young women's mood and body image.New Media & Society,21(7),1546-1564.doi:10.1177/1461444819826530.
- Elkind,D.(1967).Egocentrism in adolescence.Child Development,38(4),1025-1034.doi:10.2307/1127100.
- Ellison,N.,Heino,R.& Gibbs,J.(2006).Managing impressions online:Self-presentation processes in the online dating environment.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,11(2),415-441.doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00020.x.
- Engeln,R.,Loach,R.,Imundo,M.N.& Zola,A.(2020).Compared to Facebook,Instagram use causes more appearance comparison and lower body satisfaction in college women.Body Image,34,38-45.doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.04.007.
- Fardouly,J.& Vartanian,L.R.(2015).Negative comparisons about one's appearance mediate the relationship between Facebook usage and body image concerns.Body Image,12,82-88.doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.10.004.
- Fredrickson,B.L.& Roberts,T.A.(1997).Objectification theory:Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks.Psychology of Women Quarterly,21(2),173-206.doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x.
- Frison,E.& Eggermont,S.(2016).Exploring the relationships between different types of Facebook use,perceived online social support,and adolescents' depressed mood.Social Science Computer Review,34(2),153-171.doi:10.1177/0894439314567449.
- Grabe,S.,Ward,L.M.& Hyde,J.S.(2008).The role of the media in body image concerns among women:A meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies.Psychological Bulletin,134(3),460-476.doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.3.460.
- Hayes,A.F.(2013).Introduction to mediation,moderation,and conditional process analysis:A regression-based approach.New York:Guilford Publications.
- Heron,K.E.& Smyth,J.M.(2013).Body image discrepancy and negative affect in women's everyday lives:An ecological momentary assessment evaluation of self-discrepancy theory.Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,32(3),276-295.doi:10.1521/jscp.2013.32.3.276.
- Higgins,E.T.(1987).Self-discrepancy:A theory relating self and affect.Psychological Review,94(3),319-340.doi:10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.319.
- Lamp,S.J.,Cugle,A.,Silverman,A.L.,Thomas,M.T.,Liss,M.& Erchull,M.J.(2019).Picture perfect:The relationship between selfie behaviors,self-objectification,and depressive symptoms.Sex Roles,81(11),704-712.doi:10.1007/s11199-019-01025-z.
- Lindner,D.& Tantleff-Dunn,S.(2017).The development and psychometric evaluation of the Self-Objectification Beliefs and Behaviors Scale.Psychology of Women Quarterly,41(2),254-272.doi:10.1177/0361684317692109.
- López-Guimerà,G.,Levine,M.P.,Sánchez-Carracedo,D.& Fauquet,J.(2010).Influence of mass media on body image and eating disordered attitudes and behaviors in females:A review of effects and processes.Media Psychology,13(4),387-416.doi:10.1080/15213269.2010.525737.
- Marwick,A.E.& Boyd,D.(2011).I tweet honestly,I tweet passionately:Twitter users,context collapse,and the imagined audience.New Media & Society,13(1),114-133.doi:10.1177/1461444810365313.
- Moradi,B.& Huang,Y.P.(2008).Objectification theory and psychology of women:A decade of advances and future directions.Psychology of Women Quarterly,32(4),377-398.doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.00452.x.
- Morrison,T.G.,Kalin,R.& Morrison,M.A.(2004).Body-image evaluation and body-image investment among adolescents:A test of sociocultural and social comparison theories.Adolescence,39(155),571-592.
- Myers,P.N.& Biocca,F.A.(1992).The elastic body image:The effect of television advertising and programming on body image distortions in young women.Journal of Communication,42(3),108-133.doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00802.x.
- Pan,W.J.,Peňa,J.(2017).The exposure effects of online model pictures and weight-related persuasive messages on women's weight-loss planned behaviors.Journal of Health Communication,22(10),858-865.doi:10.1080/10810730.2017.1367339.
- Pan,W.J.& Peňa,J.(2020).Looking down on others to feel good about the self:The exposure effects of online model pictures on men's self-esteem.Health Communication,35(6),731-738.doi:10.1080/10410236.2019.1584780.
- Pan,W.& Peňa,J.(2024).A replication and expansion of the exposure effects of online model photos and social comparison goals on planned behaviors and self-efficacy to lose weight.New Media & Society,26(1),91-112.doi:10.1177/14614448211055367.
- Perloff,R.M.(2014).Social media effects on young women's body image concerns:Theoretical perspectives and an agenda for research.Sex Roles,71(11),363-377.doi:10.1007/s11199-014-0384-6.
- Saiphoo,A.N.& Vahedi,Z.(2019).A meta-analytic review of the relationship between social media use and body image disturbance.Computers in Human Behavior,101,259-275.doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.07.028.
- Schifter,D.E.& Ajzen,I.(1985).Intention,perceived control,and weight loss:An application of the theory of planned behavior.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,49(3),843-851.doi:10.1037/0022-3514.49.3.843.
- Seidman,G.(2013).Self-presentation and belonging on Facebook:How personality influences social media use and motivations.Personality and Individual Differences,54(3),402-407.doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.10.009.
- Snyder,R.(1998).Self-discrepancy theory,standards for body evaluation,and eating disorder symptomatology among college women.Women & Health,26(2),69-84.doi:10.1300/J013v26n02_05.
- Sun,Q.Q.(2021).Selfie editing and consideration of cosmetic surgery among young Chinese women:The role of self-objectification and facial dissatisfaction.Sex Roles,84(11),670-679.doi:10.1007/s11199-020-01191-5.
- Tiggemann,M.,Brown,Z.& Anderberg,I.(2019).Effect of digital alteration information and disclaimer labels attached to fashion magazine advertisements on women's body dissatisfaction.Body Image,30,221-227.doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.07.008.
- Tiggemann,M.,Anderberg,I.& Brown,Z.(2020).#Loveyourbody:The effect of body positive Instagram captions on women's body image.Body Image,33,129-136.doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.015.
- Vartanian,L.R.(2009).When the body defines the self:Self-concept clarity,internalization,and body image.Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,28(1),94-126.doi:10.1521/jscp.2009.28.1.94.
- Walther,J.B.(1996).Computer-mediated communication:Impersonal,interpersonal,and hyperpersonal interaction.Communication Research,23(1),3-43.doi:10.1177/009365096023001001.