转变的实践:牙买加公共广播服务的新兴替代方案Switching Channels: Emerging Alternatives to Public Service Broadcasting in Jamaica
利文斯顿·A.怀特,伊薇特·罗,柯琳·巴恩斯,胡颖,刘宣伯
摘要(Abstract)：
本文以牙买加公共广播媒体为例进行个案研究。在过去的五十年中,牙买加的公共广播服务以各种形式存在。20世纪50年代,该国在公共广播服务方面的首次尝试得到了北美和欧洲的支持。本文分析了牙买加语境中的公共广播服务,以显示其如何随着不断变化的媒体环境而发展。包括社交网站、在线媒体流在内的媒体技术的进步以其潜在的包容性和参与,继续挑战着公共广播服务媒体的实践方式。这些新的发展也为媒体消费者提供了更多的机会,从而更多地参与使用媒介来表达自己的经验,并分享符合公众利益的内容。本文也讨论了与公共广播服务相关的假设和原理。从1959年成立公共所有的牙买加广播公司(JBC)到1997年该实体消亡,再到从2007年开始运营至今、以公共广播公司形式出现的牙买加公共广播公司(PBCJ),本文针对公共媒体的运行情况进行了历史语境式考察,并尝试论证,牙买加公共广播服务的未来在于社区媒体。本文认为,政府不应再有义务通过公费运营的公有的实体提供公共广播服务。相反,政府应该鼓励过渡到更多基于社区的媒体机制,以使各个利益集团有机会参与制作与自己切身相关的媒介内容。同时,本文还讨论了包括政治干预在内的、影响公共广播服务可行性的各种挑战,并且提出了一种能够实现公共广播服务组织设立初衷的替代方案。
关键词(KeyWords)： 牙买加;公共广播服务;社区媒体
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 利文斯顿·A.怀特,伊薇特·罗,柯琳·巴恩斯,胡颖,刘宣伯
DOI: 10.16602/j.gmj.20190045
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