中国银色数字鸿沟的变迁趋势及其阶层差异研究The Trends and Socio-economic Differentials of Gray Digital Divide in China
任围,朱晓文,李玉磊
摘要(Abstract):
在数字化浪潮与人口老龄化并行的时代背景下,本文聚焦于“银色数字鸿沟趋向扩大还是不断弥合”这一问题,考察我国银色数字鸿沟的演变趋势及阶层异质性,重点检验这些趋势是否因阶层特征而异。考虑到数字鸿沟的多维性,本文既关注了接入沟,也以网络使用多样性为指标衡量了使用沟。通过分析中国家庭追踪调查多期数据,本文发现,在过去的十多年中,中年人与年轻人之间的接入沟与使用沟有所弥合,但老年人与中青年人、中高龄老年人与低龄老年人之间的数字接入与使用沟依然显著,且有扩大趋势;不同阶层的居民在银色数字鸿沟上表现出显著差异,具体差异也因年龄段而异;银色数字鸿沟的演变趋势呈现出明显的阶层差异,低学历高龄居民的“双重滞后”问题愈发凸显。在高学历居民中,老年与年轻群体间的接入沟和使用沟随着时间的推移逐渐缩小,而在低学历居民中,不仅老年与年轻群体间的差距有所扩大,老年群体内部的差异也在加剧。
关键词(KeyWords): 数字鸿沟;数字不平等;银色接入沟;银色使用沟;老年研究
基金项目(Foundation): 陕西省社会科学基金项目(立项号:2024M001)的阶段性成果
作者(Author): 任围,朱晓文,李玉磊
参考文献(References):
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- ① 正因这种转向,银色数字鸿沟有两重含义:一是老年人与年轻人之间的数字鸿沟,也被称为银色数字鸿沟;二是老年群体内部因各种因素所导致的数字鸿沟,本文中的银色数字鸿沟指第一重含义。 ② 在稳健性检验中,选项4被编码为0,这种处理不影响研究结论。 ③ 我们还检验了职业地位和就业状况等其他社会阶层指标,但这些因素对银色数字鸿沟的影响有限,且加入这些指标不会改变本文的核心结论。 ④ 省份也可以作为宏观层次的解释变量,但经检验发现,省份差异对总差异的解释比例不足1%,因此本文仅采用了两层次模型,而非三层次嵌套模型。