亲子间的手机博弈:家庭关系对青少年心理健康的影响研究Examining the Influence of Family Relationship on Adolescents' Psychological Well-Being in the Context of Mobile Phone Use
杨晓冬,李怡静,魏然
摘要(Abstract):
本研究以生态系统理论、媒介时间置换假说为理论框架,探讨家庭关系质量是如何通过青少年手机使用强度,以及因手机使用产生的亲子冲突影响青少年心理健康水平的。实证结果显示:家庭关系质量负向影响青少年手机使用强度;青少年的手机使用强度正向影响因手机使用产生的亲子冲突频率。此外,因手机使用产生的亲子冲突不仅对青少年的自尊和生活满意度产生负向影响,且正向影响青少年的孤独感和抑郁程度。
关键词(KeyWords): 家庭关系;手机使用强度;青少年心理健康;亲子冲突
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 杨晓冬,李怡静,魏然
DOI: 10.16602/j.gjms.20220025
参考文献(References):
- 陈晨(2017):亲子关系对青少年网络素养的影响,《当代青年研究》,第3期,39-45页。
- 陈秀珠、赖伟平、麻海芳、陈俊、单彦彤(2017):亲子关系与青少年心理资本的关系:友谊质量的中介效应与学校联结的调节效应,《心理发展与教育》,第33卷第5期,544-553页。
- 邓兆杰、黄海、桂娅菲、牛露颖、周春燕(2015):大学生手机依赖与父母教养方式、主观幸福感的关系,《中国心理卫生杂志》,第29卷第1期,68-73页。
- 韩磊、许玉晴、孙月、曲影、毛婉君、郑莎莎(2019):亲子冲突对青少年社交回避与苦恼的影响:情绪管理和安全感的链式中介作用,《中国特殊教育》,第7期,40-46页。
- 赖海红(2015):中专生父母婚姻冲突、自我和谐与手机成瘾的相关研究,华中师范大学硕士论文。
- 黎藜、赵美荻(2020):游戏“幽灵”为何如影随形?——中小学生手机游戏成瘾的质性研究,《新闻记者》,第7期,46-58页。
- 凌宇、钟斌、蚁金瑶、肖晶、姚树桥(2009):孤独感与社会支持对青少年抑郁的影响,《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》,第18卷第6期,551-553页。
- 刘红、王洪礼(2012):大学生的手机依赖倾向与孤独感,《中国心理卫生杂志》,第26卷第1期,66-69页。
- 刘荃(2015):城市青少年接触媒介行为与家庭环境的相关性研究——以江苏省为例,《现代传播(中国传媒大学学报)》,第37卷第6期,135-140页。
- 刘晓凤、王秋英、迟新丽、齐丹(2020):家庭功能对青少年抑郁的影响:一项有调节的中介效应,《中国临床心理学杂志》,第28卷第4期,688-693,772页。
- 陆晔、黄东亮、周葆华(2006):媒介使用与青少年闲暇生活——“离网离视”活动个案分析,《新闻记者》,第4期,3-7页。
- 栾文敬、路红红、童玉林、吕丹娜(2013):家庭关系对流动儿童心理健康的影响,《学前教育研究》,第2期,27-36页。
- 王明忠、范翠英、周宗奎、陈武(2014):父母冲突影响青少年抑郁和社交焦虑——基于认知情境理论和情绪安全感理论,《心理学报》,第46卷第1期,90-100页。
- 王鑫强、张大均(2011):心理健康双因素模型述评及其研究展望,《中国特殊教育》,第10期,68-73页。
- 吴旻、刘争光、梁丽婵(2016):亲子关系对儿童青少年心理发展的影响,《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》,第5期,55-63页。
- 肖雪、刘丽莎、徐良苑、李燕芳(2017):父母冲突,亲子关系与青少年抑郁的关系:独生与非独生的调节作用,《心理发展与教育》,第33卷第4期,468-476页。
- 薛莹、徐红、徐岩、余伟志、陈薇、安冬、李怀锐、肖昭扬、邓玉琴、唐一源、殷盛明(2017):医学生内向性格和社会支持在抑郁情绪与孤独感之间的中介作用,《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》,第26卷第9期,820-824页。
- 俞国良、李建良、王勍(2018):生态系统理论与青少年心理健康教育,《教育研究》,第39卷第3期,110-117页。
- 俞国良、周雪梅(2003):青春期亲子冲突及其相关因素,《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》,第6期,33-39页。
- 张娥、訾非(2012):大学生父母关系感知及其与安全感和特质焦虑的关系,《中国临床心理学杂志》,第20卷第6期,854-857,860页。
- 张锦涛、刘勤学、邓林园、方晓义、刘朝莹、兰菁(2011):青少年亲子关系与网络成瘾:孤独感的中介作用,《心理发展与教育》,第27卷第6期,641-647页。
- 中国互联网络信息中心(2021年7月):2020年全国未成年人互联网使用情况研究报告,获取自http://www.cnnic.net.cn/hlwfzyj/hlwxzbg/qsnbg/202107/P020210720571098696248.pdf.
- Alolyan,A.A.(2015).The perceived impact of the internet on family and social relations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.PhD dissertation,Manchester Metropolitan University,Manchester.
- Anderson,J.C.& Gerbing,D.W.(1988).Structural equation modeling in practice:A review and recommended two-step approach.Psychological Bulletin,103(3),411-423.doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411.
- Arnett,J.J.(1999).Adolescent storm and stress,reconsidered.American Psychologist,54(5),317-326.doi:10.1037//0003-066x.54.5.317.
- Baumeister,R.F.,Tice,D.M.& Hutton,D.G.(1989).Self-presentational motivations and personality differences in self-esteem.Journal of Personality,57(3),547-579.doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1989.tb02384.x.
- Beyens,I.& Beullens,K.(2017).Parent-child conflict about children's tablet use:The role of parental mediation.New Media & Society,19(12),2075-2093.doi:10.1177/1461444816655099.
- Bronfenbrenner,U.(1994).Ecological models of human development.Readings on the Development of Children,2(1),37-43.
- Bronfenbrenner,U.(1995).Developmental ecology through space and time:A future perspective.In Moen,P.,Elder,G.H.Jr.& Lüscher,K.(Eds.),Examining Lives in Context:Perspectives on the Ecology of Human Development (pp.619-647).Washington:American Psychological Association.doi:10.1037/10176-018.
- Buelga,S.,Martínez-Ferrer,B.& Musitu,G.(2016).Family relationships and cyberbullying.In Navarro,R.,Yubero,S.& Larraňaga,E.(Eds.),Cyberbullying Across the Globe (pp.99-114).Cham:Springer.doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25552-1_5.
- Ceyhan,A.A.& Ceyhan,E.(2008).Loneliness,depression,and computer self-efficacy as predictors of problematic internet use.Cyberpsychology & Behavior,11(6),699-701.doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0255.
- Cowen,E.L.(1994).The enhancement of psychological wellness:Challenges and opportunities.American Journal of Community Psychology,22(2),149-179.doi:10.1007/BF02506861.
- Crespo,C.,Kielpikowski,M.,Pryor,J.& Jose,P.E.(2011).Family rituals in New Zealand families:Links to family cohesion and adolescents' well-being.Journal of Family Psychology,25(2),184-193.doi:10.1037/a0023113.
- Davis,A.S.(2012).Psychopathology of childhood and adolescence:A neuro-psychological approach.New York:Springer Publishing Company.
- Diener,E.,Emmons,R.A.,Larsen,R.J.& Griffin,S.(1985).The satisfaction with life scale.Journal of Personality Assessment,49(1),71-75.doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13.
- Eisenberg,A.R.(1992).Conflicts between mothers and their young children.Merrill-Palmer Quarterly,38(1) 21-43.
- Ellison,N.B.,Steinfield,C.& Lampe,C.(2007).The benefits of Facebook “friends”:Social capital and college students' use of online social network sites.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,12(4),1143-1168.doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x.
- Evans,C.A.,Jordan,A.B.& Horner,J.(2011).Only two hours?:A qualitative study of the challenges parents perceive in restricting child television time.Journal of Family Issues,32(9),1223-1244.doi:10.1177/0192513X11400558.
- Gao,Q.F.,Sun,R.M.,Fu,E.,Jia,G.& Xiang,Y.H.(2020).Parent-child relationship and smartphone use disorder among Chinese adolescents:The mediating role of quality of life and the moderating role of educational level.Addictive Behaviors,101,106065.doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106065.
- Granovetter,M.S.(1973).The strength of weak ties.American Journal of Sociology,78(6),1360-1380.doi:10.1086/225469.
- Greenspoon,P.J.& Saklofske,D.H.(2001).Toward an integration of subjective well-being and psychopathology.Social Indicators Research,54(1),81-108.doi:10.1023/A:1007219227883.
- Hojat,M.(1998).Satisfaction with early relationships with parents and psychosocial attributes in adulthood:Which parent contributes more?The Journal of Genetic Psychology,159(2),203-220.doi:10.1080/00221329809596146.
- Homans,G.C.(1958).Social behavior as exchange.American Journal of Sociology,63(6),597-606.doi:10.1086/222355.
- Huppert,F.A.(2009).Psychological well-being:Evidence regarding its causes and consequences.Applied Psychology:Health and Well-Being,1(2),137-164.doi:10.1111/j.1758-0854.2009.01008.x.
- Hwang,Y.& Jeong,S.H.(2015).Predictors of parental mediation regarding children's smartphone use.Cyberpsychology,Behavior,and Social Networking,18(12),737-743.doi:10.1089/cyber.2015.0286.
- Johnson,G.M.(2010).Internet use and child development:Validation of the ecological techno-subsystem.Educational Technology & Society,13(1),176-185.
- Johnson,V.K.,Gans,S.E.,Kerr,S.& Deegan,K.(2008).Managing the transition to college:The role of family cohesion and adolescents' emotional coping strategies.The Journal of College Orientation and Transition,15(2),29-46.
- Kildare,C.A.& Middlemiss,W.(2017).Impact of parents mobile device use on parent-child interaction:A literature review.Computers in Human Behavior,75,579-593.doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.003.
- Kim,H.J.,Min,J.Y.,Min,K.B.,Lee,T.J.& Yoo,S.(2018).Relationship among family environment,self-control,friendship quality,and adolescents' smartphone addiction in South Korea:Findings from nationwide data.PLoS One,13(2),e0190896.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190896.
- Krackhardt,D.(1992).The strength of strong ties:The importance of Philos in organizations.In Nohria,N.& Eccles,R.(Eds.),Networks and Organizations:Structure,Form,and Action (pp.216-239).Boston:Harvard Business School Press.
- Kraut,R.,Patterson,M.,Lundmark,V.,Kiesler,S.,Mukopadhyay,T.& Scherlis,W.(1998).Internet paradox.A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?American Psychologist,53(9),1017-1031.doi:10.1037//0003-066x.53.9.1017.
- Kwak,J.Y.,Kim,J.Y.& Yoon,Y.W.(2018).Effect of parental neglect on smartphone addiction in adolescents in South Korea.Child Abuse & Neglect,77,75-84.doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.12.008.
- Larson,R.& Richards,M.H.(1991).Daily companionship in late childhood and early adolescence:Changing developmental contexts.Child Development,62(2),284-300.doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01531.x.
- Laursen,B.,Coy,K.C.& Collins,W.A.(1998).Reconsidering changes in parent-child conflict across adolescence:A meta-analysis.Child Development,69(3),817-832.doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06245.x.
- Li,J.F.,Li,D.P.,Jia,J.C.,Li,X.,Wang,Y.H.& Li,Y.(2018).Family functioning and internet addiction among adolescent males and females:A moderated mediation analysis.Children and Youth Services Review,91,289-297.doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.06.032.
- Lim,S.A.& You,S.(2019).Effect of parental negligence on mobile phone dependency among vulnerable social groups:Mediating effect of peer attachment.Psychological Reports,122(6),2050-2062.doi:10.1177/0033294118799339.
- Liu,D.,Baumeister,R.F.,Yang,C.C.& Hu,B.J.(2019).Digital commu-nication media use and psychological well-being:A meta-analysis.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,24(5),259-273.doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmz013.
- Liu,K.,Chen,W.W.& Lei,L.(2020a).WITHDRAWN:The defensive or disruptive role of attachment style on preparing teens to cope with parental phubbing.Children and Youth Services Review,104932.doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104932.
- Liu,Q.Q.,Yang,X.J.,Hu,Y.T.,Zhang,C.Y.& Nie,Y.G.(2020b).How and when is family dysfunction associated with adolescent mobile phone addiction?Testing a moderated mediation model.Children and Youth Services Review,111,104827.doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104827.
- Maccoby,E.E.(1994).The role of parents in the socialization of children:An historical overview.In R.D.Parke,P.A.Ornstein,J.J.Rieser,& C.Zahn-Waxler (Eds.),A century of developmental psychology (pp.589-615).American Psychological Association.doi.org/10.1037/10155-021
- Matthes,J.,Thomas,M.F.,Stevic,A.,& Schmuck,D.(2021).Fighting over smartphones?Parents' excessive smartphone use,lack of control over children's use,and conflict.Computers in Human Behavior,116,106618.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106618.
- McHale,J.P.(1995).Coparenting and triadic interactions during infancy:The roles of marital distress and child gender.Developmental Psychology,31(6),985-996.doi:10.1037/0012-1649.31.6.985.
- Mesch,G.S.(2003).The family and the Internet:The Israeli case.Social Science Quarterly,84(4),1038-1050.doi:10.1046/j.0038-4941.2003.08404016.x.
- Mesch,G.S.(2006).Family characteristics and intergenerational conflicts over the Internet.Information,Communication & Society,9(4),473-495.doi:10.1080/13691180600858705.
- Minuchin,P.(1988).Relationships within the family:A systems perspective on development.In Hinde R.A.& Stevenson-Hinde J.M.(Eds.).Relationships Within Families:Mutual Influences (pp.7-26).Oxford,England:Clarendon.
- Missotten,L.C.,Luyckx,K.,Van Leeuwen,K.,Klimstra,T.& Branje,S.(2016).Adolescents' conflict resolution styles toward mothers:The role of parenting and personality.Journal of Child and Family Studies,25(8),2480-2497.doi:10.1007/s10826-016-0421-x.
- Morgan,C.& Cotton,S.R.(2003).The relationship between Internet activities and depressive symptoms in a sample of college freshmen.CyberPsychology & Behavior,6(2),133-142.doi:10.1089/109493103321640329.
- Muthén,L.K.& Muthén,B.O.(2017).Mplus:Statistical analysis with latent variables—User's guide.Retrieved from https://www.statmodel.com/download/usersguide/MplusUserGuideVer_8.pdf.
- Niu,G.F.,Chai,H.Y.,Li,Z.X.,Wu,L.,Sun,X.J.& Zhou,Z.K.(2020).Online parent-child communication and left-behind Children's subjective well-being:The effects of parent-child relationship and gratitude.Child Indicators Research,13(3),967-980.doi:10.1007/s12187-019-09657-z.
- Pizzagalli,D.A.(2014).Depression,stress,and anhedonia:Toward a synthesis and integrated model.Annual Review of Clinical Psychology,10,393-423.doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185606.
- Reinherz,H.Z.,Paradis,A.D.,Giaconia,R.M.,Stashwick,C.K.& Fitzmaurice,G.(2003).Childhood and adolescent predictors of major depression in the transition to adulthood.American Journal of Psychiatry,160(12),2141-2147.doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.12.2141.
- Richmond,J.&Wilson,J.C.(2008).Are graphic media violence,aggression and moral disengagement related?Journal of Managerial Psychology,15(2),350-357.doi:10.1080/13218710802199716
- Rosa,E.M.& Tudge,J.(2013).Urie Bronfenbrenner's theory of human development:Its evolution from ecology to bioecology.Journal of Family Theory & Review 5(4),243-258.doi:10.1111/jftr.12022.
- Rosenberg,M.(1965).Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE).Acceptance and commitment therapy.Measures Package,61,52.
- Rosenberg,M.(1989).Society and the Adolescent Self-Image (Rev.ed.).Middletown,CT:Wesleyan University Press.
- Ross,H.,Stein,N.,Trabasso,T.,Woody,E.& Ross,M.(2005).The quality of family relationships within and across generations:A social relations analysis.International Journal of Behavioral Development,29(2),110-119.doi:10.1080/01650250444000351.
- Russell,D.,Peplau,L.A.& Cutrona,C.E.(1980).The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale:Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,39(3),472-480.doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472.
- Sawyer,S.M.,Afifi,R.A.,Bearinger,L.H.,Blakemore,S.J.,Dick,B.,Ezeh,A.C.& Patton,G.C.(2012).Adolescence:A foundation for future health.The Lancet,379(9826),1630-1640.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60072-5.
- Saylor,C.F.,Finch,A.J.,Spirito,A.& Bennett,B.(1984).The children's depression inventory:A systematic evaluation of psychometric properties.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,52(6),955-967.doi:10.1037/0022-006X.52.6.955.
- Triana,R.,Keliat,B.A.& Sulistiowati,N.M.D.(2019).The relationship between self-esteem,family relationships and social support as the protective factors and adolescent mental health.Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,7(1),41-47.doi:10.18510/hssr.2019.715.
- Umberson,D.,Crosnoe,R.& Reczek,C.(2010).Social relationships and health behavior across the life course.Annual Review of Sociology,36,139-157.doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-120011.
- Valenzuela,S.,Park,N.& Kee,K.F.(2009).Is there social capital in a social network site?:Facebook use and college students' life satisfaction,trust,and participation.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,14(4),875-901.doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01474.x.
- Valkenburg,P.M.& Peter,J.(2007).Online communication and adolescent well-being:Testing the stimulation versus the displacement hypothesis.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,12(4),1169-1182.doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00368.x.
- Vaterlaus,J.M.,Beckert,T.E.,Tulane,S.& Bird,C.V.(2014).“They always ask what I'm doing and who I'm talking to”:Parental mediation of adolescent interactive technology use.Marriage & Family Review,50(8),691-713.doi:10.1080/01494929.2014.938795.
- Wartella,E.,Rideout,V.,Lauricella,A.R.& Connell,S.L.(2014).Parenting in the age of digital technology:A national survey.Retrieved from https://cmhd.northwestern.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/ParentingAgeDigitalTechnology.REVISED.FINAL_.2014.pdf.
- Weiser,E.B.(2001).The functions of Internet use and their social and psycho-logical consequences.CyberPsychology & Behavior,4(6),723-743.doi:10.1089/109493101753376678.
- Wellman,B.& Wortley,S.(1990).Different strokes from different folks:Community ties and social support.American Journal of Sociology,96(3),558-588.doi:10.1086/229572.
- Xie,X.C.,Chen,W.,Zhu,X.W.& He,D.(2019).Parents' phubbing increases Adolescents' Mobile phone addiction:Roles of parent-child attachment,deviant peers,and gender.Children and Youth Services Review,105,104426.doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104426.
- Yang,X.D.& Zhang,L.S.(2021).Reducing parent-adolescent conflicts about mobile phone use:The role of parenting styles.Mobile Media & Communication,9(3),563-583.doi:10.1177/2050157920986190.
- ① 为确保本次研究的样本更具代表性,抽取的两所学校分别为城市中学与县城中学。
- ② 由于对家庭关系质量的测量使用了两个指标,所以在进行信度检验时使用了相关系数检验,相关系数为0.65,p<0.001,说明信度检验结果较好;同时由于仅用了两个测量指标,所以KMO值较低,但仍高于0.5,说明效度检验结果较好。