社交媒体时代的双重分化:公共讨论中的城乡数字鸿沟The Double Divides in Social Media Era: Urban-rural and Digital Divides in the Public Discussion
季诚浩,戴佳,陈伯英
摘要(Abstract):
新冠疫情的全球蔓延,使野生动物与病毒关系成为公众关注的重要话题。本文分析了两大领先社交媒体平台B站和快手在新冠疫情与野生动物的公共讨论中展现出的不同特征。针对观看次数最多的视频及其评论的文本分析,揭示了社交媒体时代的城乡鸿沟与数字鸿沟的互嵌关系。两个平台的用户在信息策展、问题认知以及互动方式方面所体现的数字鸿沟,不仅反映了城乡二元社会结构性特征,而且进一步加深了城乡地区经济、教育、技术与政策资源上的不平等境况。
关键词(KeyWords): 社交媒体;城乡鸿沟;数字鸿沟;平台化
基金项目(Foundation): 清华大学自主科研计划项目“提升面对重大突发风险事件的媒介化治理能力研究”(项目编号:2021THZWJC03);; 清新计算传播学与智能媒体实验室研究支持计划(2024TSLCLAB001)的阶段性研究成果
作者(Author): 季诚浩,戴佳,陈伯英
参考文献(References):
- 艾媒咨询(2021):快手全球月活已达10亿,2021年中国短视频头部平台竞争对比分析,获取自:https://www.iimedia.cn/c1020/79331.html
- B站(2023):B站用户人群画像分析报告2023,获取自:https://www.bilibili.com/opus/871851728017817652
- 长城证券(2024):2024年哔哩哔哩研究报告:内容及用户生态繁荣带动商业化提速,盈利可见性显著提升,获取自:https://www.vzkoo.com/read/2024071841 bab540d6d15b1488df938e.html
- 戴佳、季诚浩 (2020):从民主实用到行政理性:垃圾焚烧争议中的微博行动者与话语变迁,《中国地质大学学报(社会科学版)》,第3期,133-146页。
- Datafuntalk (2023):快手内容冷启动推荐模型实践,获取自:https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1779760235470289975&wfr=spider&for=pc
- 郭海红、刘新民、刘录敬(2020):中国城乡融合发展的区域差距及动态演化,《经济问题探索》,第10期,1-14页。
- 华福证券 (2023):2023年哔哩哔哩研究报告:回顾B站发展历程中的核心战略与节点,获取自:https://www.vzkoo.com/read/20230113d26a46551befde20395f2521.html
- 景军(2009):认知与自觉:一个西北乡村的环境抗争,《中国农业大学学报(社会科学版) 》第4期,5-14页。
- 贾文颖、黄佩(2019):从快手App看小镇青年的精神文化诉求与扩大的数字鸿沟,《东南传播》,第12期,129-131页。
- 快手大数据研究院(2020):《2020快手内容生态半年报》,北京:快手大数据研究院。
- 李玉洁(2013):我国城乡公众气候变化认知差异分析及传播策略的建构——基于4169位公众调查的实证研究,《东岳论丛》第10期,39-47页。
- 林妙暄 (2023):场所展演、情感传播与社会互动:快手“三农”短视频中新农人的形象建构,《新媒体研究》第9期,(9):47-52。
- 刘谦、陈香茗(2017):微信中的生命时间——对大学生和新生代农民工群体数字鸿沟研究的一个维度,《社会学评论》第2期,86-96页。
- 倪小帆,刘勇(2024):资源觅取与资本转换:快手乡村主播的数字化实践,《新闻记者》第4期,78-87页。
- 牛耀红(2017):在场与互训:微信群与乡村秩序维系——基于一个西部农村的考察,《新闻界》,第8期,2-9页。
- 牛耀红(2018):社区再造:微信群与乡村秩序建构——基于公共传播分析框架,《新闻大学》,第5期,84-93页。
- QuestMobil(2023):快手用户价值洞察报告—洞见成长中的百样人生,获取自:https://aimg8.dlssyht.cn/u/551001/ueditor/file/276/551001/1719457339974791.pdf
- 任丙强,孙龙(2015):互联网与环境领域的集体行动:比较案例分析,《经济社会体制比较》,第2期,143-152页。
- 孙萍,王从健,梁慧博(2024).平台基础设施化的原因、特征与表现,《青年记者》,第5期,5-8页.
- 王倩(2021年3月28日):几亿老铁推动快手进化:用户为核心,人设构建信任,内容驱动增长,获取自:https://www.sohu.com/a/457711311_120816185
- 吴予敏(2014):从“媒介化都市生存”到“可沟通的城市”——关于城市传播研究及其公共性问题的思考,《新闻与传播研究》,第21期,6-19页。
- 向密(2019年5月29日):B站陈睿:平台用户结构从90、00后扩展至80、70后,获取自:https://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/relnews/us/2019-05-29/doc-ihvhiews 5478203.shtml
- 荀丽丽、包智明(2007):政府动员型环境政策及其地方实践——关于内蒙古 S 旗生态移民的社会学分析,《中国社会科学》,第5期,114-128页。
- 新榜 (2020年1月15日):快手副总裁余敬中:我们把70%的流量给了普通人,获取自:https://www.digitaling.com/articles/251089.html
- 徐婧、汪甜甜 (2021):“快手”中的乡土中国:乡村青年的媒介呈现与生活展演,《新闻与传播评论》 第2期,106-117页。
- 中国互联网信息中心(2024):《第54次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》,北京:中国互联网信息中心,获取自:https://www3.cnnic.cn/n4/2024/0829/c88-11065.html
- Attewell,P.(2001).Comment:The first and second digital divides.Sociology of Education,74(3),252-259.doi:10.2307/2673277
- Bagchi,K.(2005).Factors contributing to global digital divide:Some empirical results.Journal of Global Information Technology Management,8(3),47-65.doi:10.1080/1097198X.2005.10856402
- Bakshy,E.,Messing,S.,& Adamic,L.A.(2015).Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook.Science,348(6239),1130-1132.doi:10.1126/science.aaa1160
- Chan,K.W.,& Buckingham,W.(2008).Is China abolishing the hukou system?.The China Quarterly,195,582-606.doi:10.1017/S0305741008000787
- Chen,J.Y.& Qiu,J.L.(2019).Digital utility:Datafication,regulation,labor,and DiDi's platformization of urban transport in China.Chinese Journal of Communication,12(3):274-289.doi:10.1080/17544750.2019.1614964
- Chen,Z.,& Yang,D.L.(2022).Governing generation Z in China:Bilibili,bidirectional mediation,and online community governance.The Information Society,39(1),1-16.doi:10.1080/01972243.2022.2137866
- Calderón Gómez,D.(2018).The three levels of the digital divide:barriers in access,use and utility of Internet among young people in Spain.Intera??es:Sociedade e as novas modernidades,34:64-91.doi:10.31211/interacoes.n34.2018.a4
- Calderón Gómez,D.(2020).The third digital divide and Bourdieu:Bidirectional conversion of economic,cultural,and social capital to (and from) digital capital among young people in Madrid.New Media & Society,23(9),2534-2553.doi:10.1177/14614448209332
- Conover,M.D.,Ratkiewicz,J.,Francisco,M.,Gon?alves,B.,Flammini,A.,& Menczer,F.(2011).Political polarization on Twitter.ICWSM'11-Proceedings of the Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media.
- Duffy,B.E.,Poell,T.,& Nieborg,D.B..(2019).Platform practices in the cultural industries:creativity,labor,and citizenship.Social Media+Society,5(4),1-8.doi:10.1177/2056305119879672
- Helmond,A.,Nieborg,D.B.,& van der Vlist,F.N.(2019).Facebook's evolution:Development of a platform-as-infrastructure.Internet Histories,3(2):123-146.doi:10.1080/24701475.2019.1593667
- Ito,M.(2008).Seeing animals,speaking of nature:Visual culture and the question of the animal.Theory,Culture & Society,25(4),119-137.doi:10.1177/026327640809198
- Klinger,U.,& Svensson,J.(2015).The emergence of network media logic in political communication:A theoretical approach.New Media and Society,17(8),1241-1257.doi:10.1177/1461444814522952
- Li,M.,Tan,C.K.K.,& Yang,Y.(2020).Shehui Ren:cultural production and rural youths' use of the Kuaishou video-sharing app in Eastern China.Information Communication and Society,23(10),1499-1514.doi:10.1080/1369118X.2019.1585469
- Li,Y.,Yu,B.& Dai,J.(2024).“Climate Change” or “Global Warming”?The (Un)Politicization of Climate in Chinese Social Media Platform.Environmental Communication,doi:10.1080/17524032.2024.2327069
- Merianos,A.(2007).Surveillance and response to disease emergence.In J.E.Childs,J.S.Mackenzie,& J.A.Richt (Eds.),Wildlife and Emerging Zoonotic Diseases:The Biology,Circumstances and Consequences of Cross-Species Transmission (pp.477-509).Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology,vol 315.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer.
- Mahdiloo,M.,Andargoli,A.E.,Toloo,M.,Harvie,C.,& Duong,T.T.(2023).Measuring the digital divide:A modified benefit-of-the-doubt approach.Knowledge-Based Systems,261,110191.doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2022.110191
- Nahon,K.,Hemsley,J.,Walker,S.,& Hussain,M.(2011).Fifteen minutes of fame:The power of blogs in the lifecycle of viral political information.Policy & Internet,3(1),1-28.doi:10.2202/1944-2866.1108
- Norton,B.G.(2017).Environmental ethics and weak anthropocentrism.In S.Sarkar,B.A.Minteer (Eds.),The Ethics of the Environment (pp.333-350).New York:Routledge.
- NativeX.(2020,December 28).Reaching China's video crowd with the power of bilibli.Retrieved from https://www.nativex.com/en/ebook/reaching-chinas-video-crowd-with-the-power-of-bilibili
- Pariser,E.(2011).The Filter Bubble:What the Internet Is Hiding from You.Penguin Press.
- Poell,T.,Nieborg,D.,& van Dijck,J.(2019).Platformisation.Internet Policy Review:Journal on Internet Regulation,8(4),pp.1-13.doi:10.14763/2019.4.1425.
- Porter,A.J.,& Hellsten,I.(2014).Investigating participatory dynamics through social media using a multideterminant “frame” Approach:The case of climategate on YouTube.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,19(4),1024-1041.doi:10.1111/jcc4.12065
- Ragnedda,M.(2017).The Third Digital Divide:A Weberian Approach to Digital Inequalities.New York:Routledge.
- Schneider,F.(2021).China's viral villages:Digital nationalism and the COVID-19 crisis on online video-sharing platform Bilibili.Communication and the Public,6(1-4),48-66.doi:10.1177/20570473211048029
- Shapiro,M.A.,& Park,H.W.(2018).Climate Change and YouTube:Deliberation Potential in Post-video Discussions.Environmental Communication,12(1),115-131.doi:10.1080/17524032.2017.1289108
- Song,J.(2017).Environmental Struggle of Farmers under the Perspective of “Structure-Actor”—A Case Study of a Cancer Village in Eastern China.Economic Research Guide,(27),23-25.
- Sunstein,C.R.(2001).Republic.com.Princeton University Press.
- Tang,X.,& Zhou,Y.(2019).Social media use and political participation in rural China:A case study.《中國新聞傳播研究》,2018(1),216-238.
- van Deursen,A.J.,& Helsper,E.J.(2015).The third-level digital divide:Who benefits most from being online?In L.Robinson,S.R.Cotten,& J.Schulz (Eds.),Communication and information technologies annual (Vol.10,pp.29-52).Bingley,UK:Emerald Group Publishing Limited.doi:10.1108/S2050-206020150000010002
- van Dijck,J.,Poell,T.,& de Waal,M.(2018).The Platform Society:Public Values in a Connective World.Oxford University Press.
- Wang,X.(2022).Popularising vlogging in China:Bilibili's institutional promotion of vlogging culture.Global Media and China,7(4),441-462.doi:10.1177/20594364221133536
- Xu,P.,Ye,Y.,& Zhang,M.(2018).Assessing political participation on the Internet in contemporary China.Chinese Journal of Communication,11(3),243-266.doi:10.1080/17544750.2018.1445119
- Yu,X.(2014).Is environment “a city thing” in China?Rural-urban differences in environmental attitudes.Journal of Environmental Psychology,38,39-48.doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.12.009
- Zeng,F.,Dai,J.,& Jiang,W.(2019).Authoritarian cooptation of urban protests in China:Normative,cognitive,and regulatory controls through the media.Chinese Journal of Communication,12(2),129-148.doi:10.1080/17544750.2018.1533482
- Zhou,H,Zhu,L (2019).“Two Chinas”:Social equity,social policies,and the urban-rural divide in China.In M.Johansen (Ed.),Social equity in the Asia-Pacific region:Conceptualizations and Realities (pp.109-136).Cham:Palgrave Macmillan.doi:10.1007/978-3-030-15919-1_7
- Zhou,M.,& Liu,S.-D.(2023).Regulating tuwei culture and migrant youth through Kuaishou's platform governance.Policy & Internet,16(1),104-120.doi:10.1002/poi3.366
- Zhou,M.,& Liu,S.-D.(2024).Be my boss:Migrant youth and the contradiction of hope labour on Kuaishou.New Media & Society,26(10),5858-5876.doi:10.1177/14614448221141828
- Zou,S.(2022).Curating a scopic contact zone:Short video,rural performativity,and the mediatization of socio-spatial order in China.Television & New Media.doi:10.1177/15274764221128925