马克思主义与媒体研究在西方Marxism and the Media in the West
Colin Sparks,盛阳,曹书乐
摘要(Abstract)：
本文简要回溯了西方的媒体和新闻学研究中主要的马克思主义思想流派:激进马克思主义、政治经济学、文化研究、新技术的社会使用领域的新思考,并在最后对如何发展一套综合全面的马克思主义媒介与新闻学理论提出思考。
关键词(KeyWords)： 马克思主义;传播政治经济学;文化研究;媒介研究
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): Colin Sparks,盛阳,曹书乐
DOI: 10.16602/j.gmj.20170025
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- (1)国际记者协会(International Organization of Journalists)曾在早年发行了列宁论媒体的主要著作选集。第三国际前四届代表大会的主要决议也已有不少英文译本。本文采用了较为早期的译本(Hessel,1980)。
- (2)译文参考中共中央编译局(1959):《列宁全集》第5卷,北京:人民出版社,第8页。
- (3)译文参考中共中央编译局(1958):《列宁全集》第10卷,北京:人民出版社,第27页。
- (4)这一传统的许多主要文献已经由复旦大学曹晋教授的研究团队收集整理,英文版两卷本已在中国出版发行(Cao&Zhao,2007)。
- (5)尽管目前普遍认为,《制造共识》理论的提出更多归功于乔姆斯基,他本人也更具知名度,但乔姆斯基曾明确指出,“只要你翻阅一下,你就会发现他的名字排列在前。我之所以坚决主张把他排在前面……就是因为他负责了本书大部分内容的撰写工作”(Chomsky,2002)。两位作者的发表记录也的确表明,赫尔曼是理论的主要推动者。关于乔姆斯基本人的政治观点,可详见Alison Edgley论述(Edgley,2000)。
- (6)至少有一名学者曾试图论证这一模式的普遍适用性(Hearns-Branaman,2015)。
- (7)霍尔从未加入过共产党,但他一度与党内“欧共主义”阵营关系密切(Davis,2004,p.133)。
- (8)在他活跃于《今日马克思》的巅峰时期,霍尔在伊利诺伊大学开设了精彩绝伦的系列讲座,提纲挈领地概括了他本人的全部理论立场。该讲座直到最近才被发掘并整理出版。在我看来,该书是理解文化研究演进史不可忽略的起点(Hall,Cultural Studies 1983:A Theoretical History,2016)。
- (9)应当指出,葛兰西在一战后开始写作。在一战中,阵地战被证明是欧洲军队作战的唯一可行方案。葛兰西本人的军事分析也指向这一经验。
- (10)卡斯特尔在职业生涯早期曾被视为一名马克思主义者。笔者无法确认他目前是否仍然以马克思主义者自居。