特里·弗卢

• 1:澳大利亚悉尼大学艺术与社会科学学院

摘要(Abstract)：

本文认为互联网治理的演变分为三个阶段：早期阶段，互联网基本开放、政府监管较少；第二阶段，互联网平台化所引发的网络危害等不良后果开始引发关注；当前阶段，适当的互联网治理模式开始被广泛讨论，民族国家正在为数字平台颁布新的法律。第三阶段转变所带来的的影响尚未渗透到全球互联网治理机构，这些机构仍然以“多利益主体主义”和“民族国家政府作用最小化”为假设开展工作。这导致了全球“分裂网”趋势的上升，以及现有互联网治理体系的可操作性不足等问题。

关键词(KeyWords)： 互联网治理;数字平台;网络危害;多利益相关者治理;数字平台监管

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 特里·弗卢

DOI: 10.16602/j.gjms.20220045

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• ① 值得注意的是，开放互联网的神话依然存在。2020年7月，红迪网(Reddit)决定以宣扬仇恨言论为由禁止一系列在线论坛，包括亲特朗普的“The_Donald”论坛，这在《纽约时报》上被称为“野生网络的终结”(end of the Wild Wild Web),以及“社交媒体自由、随心所欲的文化”和“自由放任的平台治理”的终结(Roose,2020)。正如许多关于平台管理的研究所观察到的，从互联网在20世纪90年代初成为大众媒体的那一刻起，人们就开始关注如何管理在线内容，随着网络活动越来越多地通过商业数字平台进行调解，管理实践也在加速。换句话说，2020年的脸书、油管(YouTube)、推特或红迪网显然与2010年有很大不同。
• ② 在此次讨论中，我将欧盟视为类似于一个民族国家，同时我也关注到欧盟法律和指令的实施是由其成员国所承担的。
• (1)It is remarkable how pervasive the myth of the open Internet remains. The decision of Reddit in July 2020 to ban a range of its online forums, including the pro-Trump ‘The_Donald’ forum, on the grounds of promoting hate speech, was referred to in The New York Times as the ‘end of the Wild Wild Web’, and an end to ‘the freewheeling, anything-goes culture of social media’ and ‘laissez-faire platform governance’(Roose, 2020). As a number of accounts of platform moderation have observed(e.g., Gillespie, 2018; Suzor, 2019), the question of how to govern online content has been around from the moment the Internet became a mass medium in the early 1990s, and governance practices have accelerated as online activity is increasingly mediated through commercial digital platforms. In other words, the Facebook, You Tube, Twitter or Reddit of 2020is clearly not the platform it was in 2010.
• (2)I am approaching the European Union as akin to a nation-state in this discussion,while also noting that the implementation of EU laws and directives is undertaken by its member states.