加布里埃尔·巴尔比,戎瑶

• 1:瑞士卢加诺大学
• 2:清华大学新闻与传播学院

摘要(Abstract)：

本文分析了媒介研究中一个非常关键的议题:新媒介和旧媒介之间的关系。为了使结论有效可靠,文章回顾大量科学文献,展示了许多生动案例。通过研究,笔者发现,新旧媒介的关系大致可以划分为四个不同的阶段,某些阶段之间有时会稍有重叠。第一个阶段是新媒介模仿旧媒介,新媒介诞生之初,通常是依靠模仿旧媒介而规范自身发展。第二个阶段是新媒介发展出自身特色,成为真正意义上的新媒介。第三个阶段是新媒介发展势头超过旧媒介,引发旧媒介对新媒介的模仿和适应。最后一个阶段则是一个相对持续的阶段,介绍了新旧媒介是如何和谐共处的。总体说来,本文对于新旧媒介关系的梳理对新媒介研究、媒介发展史,甚至整个媒介研究都提供了一种新的依据。

关键词(KeyWords)： 新媒介旧媒介;媒介史;媒介研究;媒介转变;媒介理论

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 加布里埃尔·巴尔比,戎瑶

DOI: 10.16602/j.gmj.20160004

参考文献(References)：

• Adner,R.&Snow,D.(2010).Old technology responses to new technology threats:Demand heterogeneity and technology retreats.Industrial and Corporate Change,19(5),1655-1675.doi:10.1093/icc/dtq046
• Balbi,G.(2010).Radio before radio:Araldotelefonico and the invention of Italian broadcasting.Technology and Culture,51(4),786-808.
• Balbi,G.(2011).The origins of the telephone in Italy,1877-1915:Politics,economics,technologyand society.International Journal of Communication,5,1058-1081.
• Balbi,G.&Jural,K.(2012).Dialoguing with socratesor disseminating like jesus?Rereading communication history through“One-to-One”and“One-to-Many”lenses.International Communication Association,Phoenix,May.
• Balbi,G.&Magaudda,P.(2014).Storia dei media digitali:Rivoluzioniecontinuità.Roma-Bari:Laterza.
• Balio,T.(Hrsg.)(1990).Hollywood in the age of television.Boston:Unwin Hyman.
• Barnouw,E.(1975).Tube of plenty:The evolution of American television.New York:Oxford University Press.
• Bastiansen,H.G.(2008).Media history and the study of media systems.Media History,1(14),95-112.
• Berger,J.(1972).Ways of Seeing.New York:Penguin.
• Bignell,J.&Fickers,A.(Hrsg.)(2008).A european television history.Malden,MA:Oxford Wiley-Blackwell.
• Boddy,W.(2002).Old media as new media:Television.In Harries,D.(Hrsg.)(Ed.),The New Media Book(pp.242-253).London:BFI Publishing.
• Bolter,J.D.&Grusin,R.(1999).Remediation:Understanding new media.Cambridge,MA:MIT Press.
• Brügger,N.(2002).Theoretical reflections on media and media history.In Brügger,N.&Kolstrup,S.(Hrsg.)(Eds.),Media History:Theories,Methods,Analysis(pp.33-66).Arhus:Aarhus University Press.
• Carey,J.W.(1989).Communication as culture:Essays in media and society.Boston:Unwin Hyman.
• Chapple,F.&Kattenbelt,C.(Hrsg.)(2006).Intermediality in theatre and performance.New York:Rodopi.
• Coopersmith,J.(2010).Old technologies never die,they just don't get updated.The International Journal for the History of Engineering&Technology,80(2),166-182.doi:10.1179/175812110X12714133353678
• Craig,D.B.(2005).Fireside politics:Radio and political culture in the United States,1920-1940.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Curran,J.(2012).Reinterpreting the internet.In Curran,J.,Natalie,F.,&Des,F.(Hrsg.)(Eds.),Misunderstanding the Internet(pp.34-49).London,New York:Routledge.
• Dahl,H.F.(1994).The pursuit of media history.Media,Culture&Society,16(4),551-563.doi:10.1177/016344379401600402
• Douglas,S.J.(1989).Inventing American broadcasting,1899-1922.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University.
• Douglas,S.J.(1999).Listening in:Radio and the American imagination.New York:Crown.
• Edgerton,D.(2007).The shock of the old:Technology and global history since1900.New York:Oxford University Press.
• Fidler,R.(1997).Mediamorphosis:Understanding the new media.Thousand Oaks,CA:Pine Forge Press.
• Flichy,P.(1991).Une histoire de la communication modern:Espace public et vie privee.Paris:La Découverte.
• Flichy,P.(1995).L'innovation technique:Récentsdéveloppementsen sciences sociales:Versune nouvelle théorie de l'innovation.Paris:La Découverte.
• Garratt,G.R.M.(1994).The early history of radio:From faraday to Marconi.London:Institution of Electrical Engineers.
• Gitelman,L.(2006).Always already new:Media,history and the data of culture.Cambridge:MIT Press.
• Gitelman,L.&Pingree,G.B.(Hrsg.)(2003).Newm edia,1740-1915.Cambridge,MA:MIT Press.
• Gordon,R.,Andrew,F.,&Edgar,D.(1988).Degas.New York:Harry N.Abrams.
• Haring,K.(2008).Ham Radio's technical culture.Cambridge,MA:MIT Press.
• Harrison,A.K.(2006).Cheaper than a CD,plus we really mean it:Bay area undergound hip hop tapes as subcultural artefacts.Popular Music,25(2),283-301.
• Jensen,K.B.(2010).Media convergence:The three degrees of network,mass and interpersonal communication.New York:Routledge.
• John,R.R.(2010).Network nation:Inventing American telecommunications.Cambridge,MA:The Belknap Press.
• Johnston,K.M.(2011).Now is the time(to put on your glasses):3-D film exhibition in Britain,1951-55.Film History,23(1),93-103.doi:10.2979/filmhistory.23.1.93
• Kramer,R.(1993).The politics of information:Study of the french minitel system.In Schement,J.R.,Rublen,B.D.(Hrsg.)(Eds.),Between Communication and Information,Information and Behavior New Brunswick(pp.453-486).London:Transaction Publishers.
• Lasen,A.(2005).History repeating?A comparison of the launch and use of fixed and mobile phones.InHamill,L.,Lasen,A.(Hrsg.)(Eds.),Mobile World.Past,Present and Future(pp.29-60).Heidelberg:Springer.
• Latour,B.(1991).Nous n'avonsjamaisétémodernes-essaid'anthropologiesymétrique.Paris:La Découverte.
• Lehman-Wilzig,S.&Cohen-Avigdopr,N.(2004).The natural life cycle of new media evolution:Inter-media struggle for survival in the internet age.New Media&Society,6(6),707-730.doi:10.1177/146144804042524
• Lister,M.(2009).New media:Acritical introduction(2nd ed.).New York:Routledge.
• Manovich,L.(2001).The language of new media.Cambridge,MA:MIT Press.
• Marvin,C.(1988).When old technologies were new:Thinking about electric communication in the late nineteenth century.New York:Oxford University Press.
• Morin,E.&Nahoum,I.(1962).L'esprit du temps:Essai sur laculture de masse.Paris:Grasset.
• Mosco,V.(2004).The digital sublime:Myth,power,and cyberspace.Cambridge:MIT Press.
• Mumford,L.(1934).Technics and civilization.New York:Harcourt.
• Munsterberg,H.(1916).The photoplay:A psychological study.New York:D.Appleton and Company.
• Musso,P.(2008).Les télécommunications.Paris:La Découverte.
• Nacci,M.(2000).Pensare la tecnica:Unsecolo di incomprensioni.Roma:Laterza.
• Natale,S.&Balbi,G.(2014).Media and the imaginary in history:The role of the fantastic in different stages of media change.Media History,20(2),203-218.doi:10.1080/13688804.2014.898904
• Nosengo,N.(2003).L'estinzionedeitecnosauri:Storie di tecnologieche non cel'hannofatta.Milano:Sironi.
• Ortoleva,P.(1995).Mediastoria:Comunicazione e CAMBIAMENTO-social enelmondocontemporaneo.Parma:Pratiche.
• Ortoleva,P.(2009).Ilsecolodei media:Riti,abitudini,mitologie.Milano:IlSaggiatore.
• Park,D.W.,Jankowski,N.W.,&Jones,S.(Hrsg.)(2011).The long history of new media:Technology,historiography,and contextualizing newness.New York:Peter Lang.
• Peters,B.(2009).And lead us not into thinking the new is new:A bibliographic case for new media history.New Media&Society,11(1-2),13-30.doi:10.1177/1461444808099572
• Pinch,T.J.&Bijker,W.E.(1984).The social construction of facts and artefacts:Or how the sociology of science and the sociology of technology might benefit each other.Social Studies of Science,14(3),399-441.doi:10.1177/030631284014003004
• Poster,M.(2007).Manifesto for a history of the media.InJenkins,K.,Sue,M.,&Alun,M.(Hrsg.)(Eds.),Manifestos for History.New York:Routledge.
• Schiffer,M.B.(1991).The portable radio in American life.Tucson:University of Arizona Press.
• Schwarzenegger,C.,Menke,M.,&Birkner,T.(2013).Coping with complexity:Bridging the trenches in theories and conceptualizations of media change?ECREA Communication History Section Conference,Lisbon.
• Silverstone,R.(1999).What's new about new media?New Media&Society,1(1),10-12.
• Spigel,L.(1992).Make room for TV:Television and the family ideal in postwar America.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
• Starr,P.(2004).The creation of the media:Political origins of modern communications.New York:Basic Books.
• St?ber,R.(2004).What media evolution is:A theoretical approach to the history of new media.European Journal of Communication,19(4),483-505.doi:10.1177/0267323104049461
• Thompson,J.B.(1995).The media and modernity:A social theory of the media.Stanford:Stanford University Press.
• Thorburn,D.&Jenkins,H.(Hrsg.)(2003).Rethinking media change:The aesthetics of transition.Cambridge,MA:MIT Press.
• Uricchio,W.(2004).Re-Discovering the challenge of textual instability:New media's lessons for old media historians.InFullerton,J.(Hrsg.)(Ed.),Screen Culture:History and Textuality(pp.161-168).Eastleigh,UK:John Libbey Publishing.
• Williams,R.(1975).Television:Technology and cultural form.London:Fontana.