黄雅兰

• 1:暨南大学新闻与传播学院

摘要(Abstract)：

通过对过去40余年欧美学界就媒体如何报道和呈现性暴力的研究进行综述,本文发现,"强暴迷思",即建构"荡妇—处女"二元话语、责备受害者、为加害者开脱罪责,是性暴力报道中最突出的问题;"琐碎化",即过度渲染事件细节,脱离社会语境以及缺少对解决措施的关注等,是报道的另一特征;另外,不少研究探索了此类报道的传播效果和社会影响,并提出正确报道性暴力的方式和原则。最后,本文对国内性暴力报道相关研究的现状进行总结,并指出欧美研究对我国此类研究的启示。

关键词(KeyWords)： 性暴力;性侵;强暴迷思;琐碎化;性别研究;新闻报道

Abstract:

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基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 黄雅兰

DOI: 10.16602/j.gmj.20200016

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• ① 本文的主要研究对象“性暴力”与“性别暴力”在含义上有以下差异:性暴力(sexual violence)指,“(施暴者)以暴力或胁迫等手段,企图强迫他人跟自身发生任何形式的性关系、性骚扰、性挑逗,以及贩运自身予他人等行为,不论当事人之间的关系为何,且可以发生在任何场所,包括但不限于职场或家庭”,包含性骚扰、强奸等行为;“性别暴力”也被称作“基于性别的暴力”(gender-based violence),指“由于不同性别被寄予了不同的规范性角色期望以及处于不平等的权力关系中,仅仅或主要由于受害者的性别而对其施加暴力或虐待行为,无论其发生于公共生活还是私人生活中”,通常表现为“针对女性的暴力”(violence against women)其概念范围更大,除性暴力外,性别暴力还包括家庭暴力、亲密关系暴力等现象。参见:World Health Organization.,World Report on Violence and Health,Chapter 6,p.149;United Nations (1995).Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women,Beijing 4-15 September 1995.New York,NY:United Nations.